Thus, the school summer holiday period is identified as a high-risk period for unfavourable changes in body composition, and declines in aerobic fitness, and may be an overlooked critical window for intervention. ![]() These negative health outcomes are more pronounced among children who are already overweight or obese or from low socio-economic backgrounds. Thus, strategies to address overweight and obesity and increase aerobic and muscular fitness levels during childhood are warranted.Įmerging research, predominantly conducted in North America, shows that increases in fatness and declines in aerobic fitness occur at a much greater rate during the school summer holiday period, compared with the school year. ![]() Childhood fatness as well as lower muscular and aerobic fitness track moderately well into adulthood, being associated with poorer adult health and higher mortality. There is also evidence showing that children’s aerobic fitness is worse today than several decades ago. Overweight or obese children are at increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases, thereby establishing childhood overweight and obesity as a serious public health concern. One in six children in OECD countries is classified as overweight or obese. Retrospectively registered on 14 December 2018. Trial registrationĪustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ACTRN12618002008202. Interventions focused on the home environment, or alternatively extension of the school environment may be warranted. Discussionįindings from this project may inform new, potent avenues for intervention efforts aimed at addressing childhood fitness and fatness. Analyses will adjust for age, sex, SEP, parenting style, weight status, and pubertal status, where appropriate. Differences in rates of change of outcomes will be regressed against differences between in-school and summer holiday period diet and time use, using compositional data analysis. Model parameter estimate contrasts will be used to calculate differences in rates of change in outcomes by socioeconomic position (SEP), sex and weight status. Differences in rates of change in fitness and fatness during in-school and summer holiday periods will be calculated using model parameter estimate contrasts from linear mixed effects model. Fitness (20-m shuttle run and standing broad jump) and fatness (body mass index z-score, waist circumference, %body fat) will be measured at the beginning and end of each school year. Measurement of diet and time use will occur at the beginning (Term 1) and end (Term 4) of each school year and during the summer holiday period. Time use will be measured using 24-h wrist-worn accelerometry (GENEActiv) and self-reported by children using the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (e.g. Diet will be reported by parents using the Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool. ![]() Grade 4 Children attending Australian Government, Catholic and Independent schools in the Adelaide metropolitan area will be invited to participate, with the aim of recruiting 300 students in total. This study will measure rates of change in fatness and fitness of children, initially in Grade 4 (age 9 years) across three successive years and relate these changes to changes in diet and time use between in-school and summer holiday periods. ![]() Few studies have tracked diet and time use across the summer holidays. This could be due to differences in diet and time use between these distinct periods. Emerging evidence suggests that children become fatter and less fit over the summer holidays but get leaner and fitter during the in-school period.
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